Hua Tuo, known today as the father of Chinese surgery, was already famous for treating a number of other patients successfully. Historical accounts credit him for his fame with acupuncture, surgery and for the use of an herbal drug mixture (possibly including marijuana or opium), which made him one of the first known doctors in the world to use anesthetics.
An Inca skull from the Cuzco region of Peru, showing four healed trepanations. The new review focuses on the practice in ancient China. Photo by John Verano. Image sourced from Smithsonian Magazine. Available here.